Irregular Verbs
In English, verbs consist of three main parts: the base/infinitive/root form (present), the simple past, and the past participle. Regular verbs have an -ed ending added to the root verb for both the simple past and past participle. Irregular verbs do not follow this pattern, and instead take on an alternative pattern.
Irregular Verbs List
This is a list of some irregular verbs in English. Of course, there are many others, but these are the most common irregular verbs.
| Infinitive | Simple Past | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| alight | alighted, alit | alighted, alit |
| arise | arose | arisen |
| awake | awoke, awaked | awoken, awaked |
| be | was, were | been |
| bear | bore | borne, born |
| beat | beat | beaten, beat |
| become | became | become |
| beget | begot | begotten |
| begin | began | begun |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bereave | bereaved, bereft | bereaved, bereft |
| beseech | besought, beseeched | besought, beseeched |
| bet | bet, betted | bet, betted |
| bid | bade, bid | bidden, bid, bade |
| bide | bade, bided | bided |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| bless | blessed, blest | blessed, blest |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| broadcast | broadcast, broadcasted | broadcast, broadcasted |
| build | built | built |
| burn | burnt, burned | burnt, burned |
| burst | burst | burst |
| bust | bust, busted | bust, busted |
| buy | bought | bought |
| can | could | - |
| cast | cast | cast |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| cleave | cleft, cleaved, clove | cleft, cleaved, cloven |
| cling | clung | clung |
| clothe | clothed, clad | clothed, clad |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| creep | crept | crept |
| crow | crowed | crew, crowed |
| cut | cut | cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream | dreamt, dreamed | dreamt, dreamed |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| dwell | dwelt, dwelled | dwelt, dwelled |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbad, forbade | forbid, forbidden |
| forecast | forecast, forecasted | forecast, forecasted |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| geld | gelded, gelt | gelded, gelt |
| get | got | got, gotten |
| gild | gilded, gilt | gilded, gilt |
| give | gave | given |
| gnaw | gnawed | gnawed, gnawn |
| go | went | gone |
| grind | ground | ground |
| grip | gripped, gript | gripped, gript |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| heave | heaved, hove | heaved, hove |
| hew | hewed | hewed, hewn |
| hide | hid | hidden, hid |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| kneel | knelt, kneeled | knelt, kneeled |
| knit | knitted, knit | knitted, knit |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| lean | leant, leaned | leant, leaned |
| leap | leapt, leaped | leapt, leaped |
| learn | learnt, learned | learnt, learned |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| light | lit, lighted | lit, lighted |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| may | might | - |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| melt | melted | molten, melted |
| mow | mowed | mown, mowed |
| pay | paid | paid |
| pen | pent, penned | pent, penned |
| plead | pled, pleaded | pled, pleaded |
| prove | proved | proven, proved |
| put | put | put |
| quit | quit, quitted | quit, quitted |
| read | read | read |
| rid | rid, ridded | rid, ridded |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| saw | sawed | sawn, sawed |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| sew | sewed | sewn, sewed |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shall | should | - |
| shear | sheared | shorn, sheared |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shine | shone | shone |
| shoe | shod, shoed | shod, shoed |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| show | showed | shown, showed |
| shred | shred, shredded | shred, shredded |
| shrink | shrank, shrunk | shrunk |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| slay | slew | slain |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slid |
| sling | slung | slung |
| slink | slunk | slunk |
| slit | slit | slit |
| smell | smelt, smelled | smelt, smelled |
| smite | smote | smitten |
| sow | sowed | sown, sowed |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| speed | sped, speeded | sped, speeded |
| spell | spelt, spelled | spelt, spelled |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spill | spilt, spilled | spilt, spilled |
| spin | spun | spun |
| spit | spat | spat |
| split | split | split |
| spoil | spoilt, spoiled | spoilt, spoiled |
| spread | spread | spread |
| spring | sprang, sprung | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sting | stung | stung |
| stink | stank, stunk | stunk |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| strike | struck | struck |
| string | strung | strung |
| strive | strove | striven |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweat | sweat, sweated | sweat, sweated |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swell | swelled | swollen, swelled |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| telecast | telecast, telecasted | telecast, telecasted |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| thrust | thrust | thrust |
| tread | trod | trodden |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake | woke, waked | woken, waked |
| wear | wore | worn |
| weave | wove | woven |
| wed | wed, wedded | wed, wedded |
| weep | wept | wept |
| wet | wet, wetted | wet, wetted |
| win | won | won |
| wind | wound | wound |
| wring | wrung | wrung |
| write | wrote | written |